Important Summits - Magme Medal

Important Summits – Key Notes for Competitive Exams

Summits are significant diplomatic events where world leaders gather to discuss crucial global issues such as trade, climate change, security, and regional cooperation. These summits are frequently covered in competitive exams such as UPSC, SSC, Banking, State PSCs, and General Knowledge. Below is a comprehensive compilation of important summits, their significance, and other details that are often asked in such exams.

1. G20 Summit

Full Name: Group of Twenty
Organized by: Members of G20 (19 countries + EU)
Frequency: Annually
Inaugural Summit: 2008 (Washington, USA)
Significance: The G20 summit is a key global forum for discussing major issues related to the global economy, financial stability, and trade. It includes the world’s largest economies.
Members: 19 countries and the European Union (EU)
Key Issues Discussed: Economic growth, climate change, international trade, global health, terrorism, and global governance.
Notable Members: India, USA, China, Germany, Japan, Russia, Brazil, Australia, South Africa, etc.
Next Summit (2024): India (New Delhi)

2. BRICS Summit

Full Name: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
Organized by: BRICS Countries
Frequency: Annually
Inaugural Summit: 2009 (Yekaterinburg, Russia)
Significance: BRICS is a grouping of five major emerging economies. The summit focuses on global economic governance, development, trade, and security issues.
Members: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
Key Areas Discussed: Economic development, trade cooperation, financial reforms, climate change, peace and security.
Next Summit (2024): South Africa

3. United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP)

Full Name: Conference of the Parties
Organized by: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Frequency: Annually
Inaugural Summit: 1995 (Berlin, Germany)
Significance: COP summits are crucial in shaping global climate change policy, involving discussions on climate action, carbon emissions, and global warming.
Key Issues Discussed: Global warming, carbon emissions reduction, climate financing, green energy, adaptation and mitigation.
Next Summit (COP29, 2024): United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Key Agreements: Paris Agreement (2015), Kyoto Protocol (1997).

4. SAARC Summit

Full Name: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
Organized by: SAARC Countries
Frequency: Biennially
Inaugural Summit: 1985 (Dhaka, Bangladesh)
Significance: SAARC is a regional organization aimed at promoting economic and regional integration among South Asian countries.
Members: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Key Issues Discussed: Regional cooperation, economic development, trade, security, and cultural exchange.
Next Summit (2024): Not yet scheduled due to tensions between member states.

5. ASEAN Summit

Full Name: Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Organized by: ASEAN Member States
Frequency: Twice a year
Inaugural Summit: 1976 (Bali, Indonesia)
Significance: The ASEAN Summit is held twice a year and focuses on promoting regional cooperation, economic integration, and peace among the countries of Southeast Asia.
Members: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
Key Areas Discussed: Economic integration, security cooperation, regional peace, trade and investment.
Next Summit (2024): Indonesia

6. G7 Summit

Full Name: Group of Seven
Organized by: G7 Countries
Frequency: Annually
Inaugural Summit: 1975 (Rambouillet, France)
Significance: The G7 summit is a meeting of the seven major advanced economies of the world, discussing issues related to the global economy, security, and political governance.
Members: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States (EU also participates).
Key Areas Discussed: Economic growth, international security, climate change, healthcare, trade, terrorism.
Next Summit (2024): Japan

7. APEC Summit

Full Name: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Organized by: APEC Members
Frequency: Annually
Inaugural Summit: 1989 (Canberra, Australia)
Significance: The APEC summit brings together countries from the Asia-Pacific region to discuss economic policies, trade liberalization, and regional integration.
Members: 21 countries, including Australia, China, India, Japan, Russia, United States.
Key Areas Discussed: Trade liberalization, regional economic integration, sustainable development, infrastructure investment, food security.
Next Summit (2024): United States

8. BRICS-New Development Bank (NDB) Summit

Organized by: BRICS Countries
Frequency: Annually
Significance: The NDB Summit focuses on the development and economic cooperation of BRICS countries. The NDB was created to mobilize resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects.
Key Issues Discussed: Infrastructure financing, sustainable development, investment in renewable energy, poverty alleviation.
Next Summit (2024): India

9. Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM)

Organized by: Commonwealth of Nations
Frequency: Every two years
Inaugural Summit: 1971 (Singapore)
Significance: The CHOGM is the gathering of the heads of government of the Commonwealth member countries, discussing issues such as democracy, sustainable development, and international cooperation.
Members: 56 countries, including India, Canada, Australia, South Africa, United Kingdom.
Key Areas Discussed: Sustainable development, human rights, peace and security, democracy, economic growth.
Next Summit (2024): Rwanda

10. SCO Summit

Full Name: Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Organized by: SCO Member States
Frequency: Annually
Inaugural Summit: 2001 (Shanghai, China)
Significance: The SCO summit focuses on regional security, counter-terrorism, economic cooperation, and political coordination among member states.
Members: China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Pakistan.
Key Areas Discussed: Security cooperation, counter-terrorism, economic development, cultural exchange.
Next Summit (2024): India (Expected)

11. NATO Summit

Full Name: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Organized by: NATO Countries
Frequency: Every two years
Inaugural Summit: 1949 (Washington D.C., USA)
Significance: NATO summits discuss issues related to military cooperation, collective security, international peacekeeping, and global defense strategy.
Members: 30 countries, including USA, Canada, Germany, France, United Kingdom, etc.
Key Issues Discussed: Global security, military defense, terrorism, defense spending.

12. World Economic Forum (Davos)

Organized by: World Economic Forum (WEF)
Frequency: Annually
Inaugural Summit: 1971 (Davos, Switzerland)
Significance: The Davos Summit brings together global political, business,

academic, and other leaders to discuss issues related to global economic trends, climate change, trade, and technology.

Location: Davos, Switzerland
Key Issues Discussed: Global economy, trade relations, technology, climate change, social issues.

Conclusion

Summits play a crucial role in fostering international cooperation and tackling global challenges. Understanding the key summits, their members, and the issues discussed can significantly aid in performing well in competitive exams, especially in sections related to International Relations, Economics, Environment, Security, and Global Governance.

One liners

Here are some one-liners on Important Summits for competitive exams:

G20 Summit – An annual gathering of 20 major economies focused on global economic cooperation and policy discussions.

BRICS Summit – A meeting of five major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, aimed at enhancing economic collaboration.

SAARC Summit – A regional summit of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation countries, focusing on regional cooperation and development.

COP (Conference of the Parties) – An international summit under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), addressing global climate issues.

ASEAN Summit – A meeting of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, focusing on regional political, economic, and security cooperation.

G7 Summit – An annual summit of seven of the world’s largest advanced economies, discussing global economic and political issues.

UN Climate Change Conference (COP) – A summit where countries negotiate international agreements on climate change and environmental action.

World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting – A summit held in Davos, Switzerland, where global leaders discuss pressing economic issues and policies.

NATO Summit – A meeting of NATO member countries, addressing defense and security challenges in the international arena.

CICA Summit – Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia, aiming to promote peace, stability, and cooperation in Asia.

These one-liners will help you quickly recall the details of important summits around the world for competitive exams. Let me know if you need more!

Objective questions

Here are some Objective Questions on Important Summits for competitive exams:

1. The G20 Summit is an annual meeting of which group of countries?

a) 20 major economies
b) 20 largest developing countries
c) 20 member countries of the United Nations
d) 20 countries from Europe and Africa
Answer: a) 20 major economies

2. Which of the following countries is not a member of BRICS?

a) Brazil
b) Russia
c) India
d) Japan
Answer: d) Japan

3. The SAARC Summit is an annual meeting of the member countries of which organization?

a) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
b) South Asia Environmental Cooperation
c) South Asian Economic Forum
d) Southeast Asian Nations Cooperation
Answer: a) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

4. Where is the 2023 COP27 Climate Change Conference held?

a) Paris
b) Glasgow
c) Sharm El Sheikh
d) New York
Answer: c) Sharm El Sheikh

5. Which country is not a member of the ASEAN grouping?

a) Indonesia
b) Thailand
c) Vietnam
d) India
Answer: d) India

6. The G7 Summit consists of how many member countries?

a) 7
b) 10
c) 5
d) 15
Answer: a) 7

7. The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP) is held under the auspices of which body?

a) World Bank
b) UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)
c) UNESCO
d) World Health Organization
Answer: b) UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)

8. Which country is not a member of the NATO alliance?

a) United States
b) Canada
c) France
d) Russia
Answer: d) Russia

9. The World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting is held every year in which city?

a) Geneva
b) Paris
c) Davos
d) London
Answer: c) Davos

10. Which of the following is a primary goal of the CICA (Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia)?

a) Economic development in Africa
b) Promoting peace and stability in Asia
c) Social reform in Europe
d) Establishing a common market in Asia
Answer: b) Promoting peace and stability in Asia

These Objective Questions will help you prepare for competitive exams focusing on important global summits. Let me know if you’d like more questions!

Fill in the balnks

Here are some Fill in the Blanks questions on Important Summits for competitive exams:

1. The G20 Summit is an annual meeting of ________ major economies.

Answer: 20

2. The BRICS Summit is a meeting of five emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and ________.

Answer: South Africa

3. The SAARC Summit is a regional summit of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, which includes ________.

Answer: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Afghanistan

4. The COP27 (2022) climate summit was held in ________.

Answer: Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt

5. The ASEAN Summit is a gathering of the countries of the ________ (Association of Southeast Asian Nations).

Answer: Southeast Asia

6. The G7 Summit is held annually among the world’s ________ largest advanced economies.

Answer: 7

7. The COP26 climate change summit was held in ________ in 2021.

Answer: Glasgow, United Kingdom

8. The World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting takes place in ________, Switzerland.

Answer: Davos

9. The NATO Summit is a meeting of member countries of the North Atlantic ________.

Answer: Treaty Organization (NATO)

10. The CICA Summit is held under the framework of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in ________.

Answer: Asia

These Fill in the Blanks questions will help in testing and strengthening your knowledge about important global summits. Let me know if you need more!

Assertion and reason

Here are Assertion and Reason questions on Important Summits for competitive exams:

1. Assertion: The G20 Summit is an annual meeting of the world’s major economies.

Reason: The G20 group includes only the world’s most developed countries.
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
c) Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer: c) Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
Explanation: The G20 includes both developed and emerging economies, not just the developed ones.

2. Assertion: The BRICS summit is focused on strengthening cooperation among five major emerging economies.

Reason: BRICS is made up of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
c) Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer: a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

3. Assertion: The SAARC Summit focuses on regional cooperation and development among South Asian countries.

Reason: SAARC includes countries from Southeast Asia and the Middle East.
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
c) Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer: c) Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
Explanation: SAARC only includes South Asian countries, not Southeast Asia or the Middle East.

4. Assertion: The COP26 Summit was held in Glasgow to address global climate change issues.

Reason: COP summits are held under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
c) Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer: a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

5. Assertion: The G7 Summit is held annually among the world’s seven largest economies.

Reason: G7 members include countries like India, Brazil, and China.
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
c) Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer: c) Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
Explanation: G7 members are advanced economies and do not include India, Brazil, or China.

6. Assertion: The World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting in Davos focuses on discussing global economic challenges.

Reason: The WEF is a global non-governmental organization that invites world leaders, economists, and businessmen.
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
c) Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer: a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

7. Assertion: The NATO Summit addresses military cooperation and security challenges.

Reason: NATO members are required to take military action if one member is attacked.
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
c) Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer: a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

8. Assertion: The CICA Summit focuses on promoting peace and stability in Asia.

Reason: CICA stands for the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia.
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
c) Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.
d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Answer: a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

These Assertion and Reason questions test both your conceptual understanding and reasoning ability regarding important global summits. Let me know if you need more practice!

Match the following

Here is a Match the Following question on Important Summits for competitive exams:

Match the Summit with their Year of Establishment/Host Country:

Summit	Year of Establishment / Host Country
1. G20 Summit	A. 2008, United States
2. BRICS Summit	B. 1999, Argentina
3. COP26 Climate Summit	C. 2015, France
4. SAARC Summit	D. 1983, India
5. ASEAN Summit	E. 1967, Thailand
6. NATO Summit	F. 1949, Washington, D.C.
7. World Economic Forum	G. 1971, Switzerland

Answer:

G20 Summit – B. 1999, Argentina
BRICS Summit – A. 2008, United States
COP26 Climate Summit – C. 2015, France
SAARC Summit – D. 1983, India
ASEAN Summit – E. 1967, Thailand
NATO Summit – F. 1949, Washington, D.C.
World Economic Forum – G. 1971, Switzerland

This Match the Following exercise will help you understand the timeline and host countries of major global summits. Let me know if you need further assistance!

MCQ’s

Here are some MCQs on Important Summits for competitive exams:

1. The G20 Summit is held annually among the world’s major economies. How many countries are part of the G20?

a) 15
b) 18
c) 20
d) 22
Answer: c) 20

2. Which of the following countries is not a member of BRICS?

a) Brazil
b) Russia
c) India
d) Japan
Answer: d) Japan

3. The COP26 climate summit in 2021 was held in which city?

a) Paris
b) New York
c) London
d) Glasgow
Answer: d) Glasgow

4. Where was the first SAARC summit held?

a) New Delhi
b) Colombo
c) Dhaka
d) Islamabad
Answer: c) Dhaka

5. Which year was the first BRICS summit held?

a) 1990
b) 2006
c) 2009
d) 2010
Answer: c) 2009

6. The World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting is held every year in which city?

a) Geneva
b) Davos
c) Paris
d) Vienna
Answer: b) Davos

7. Which of the following is a primary focus of the NATO Summit?

a) Global health issues
b) Military cooperation and security challenges
c) Economic cooperation
d) Climate change
Answer: b) Military cooperation and security challenges

8. The ASEAN Summit is primarily focused on which region?

a) South Asia
b) Southeast Asia
c) Middle East
d) Europe
Answer: b) Southeast Asia

9. Which of the following is the host country for the ASEAN Summit?

a) China
b) Japan
c) Thailand
d) India
Answer: c) Thailand

10. Which of the following is true about the G7 Summit?

a) It includes 7 emerging economies.
b) It is held annually among the 7 largest advanced economies.
c) It includes countries from Africa and Asia.
d) It includes the world’s 7 largest oil-producing nations.
Answer: b) It is held annually among the 7 largest advanced economies.

These MCQs will help test your knowledge of important global summits. Let me know if you need further clarification or more practice questions!