Edotorial 1 : The Third Edit: Mice and the origins of human language

Introduction

The origins of human language have long been a subject of curiosity and speculation. One of the earliest known attempts to investigate this mystery was conducted by the Egyptian Pharaoh Psammetichus. He ordered two infants to be raised in isolation by a mute shepherd to see if they would naturally develop language and, if so, in what form. Similar stories of such experiments are attributed to other historical rulers, including Emperor Frederick II and Akbar. While these accounts are largely legendary, modern science continues to explore the biological foundations of language.

Short Notes

Psammetichus’ Experiment: A legendary attempt to discover the natural language of humans by raising infants in isolation.

• Similar Cases: Emperor Frederick II and Akbar reportedly conducted similar experiments.
• Scientific Approach: Rather than focusing on human speech, scientists now examine genetic factors influencing vocalization.
• NOVA1 Gene: A gene that affects neural development and communication, found in most mammals but uniquely different in modern humans.
• CRISPR Experiment: Scientists replaced the NOVA1 gene in mice with the human version.
• Results: Mice with the human variant produced different distress calls and complex social vocalizations.

Conclusion

While Psammetichus’ experiment was an early attempt to understand language origins, modern genetic studies provide deeper insights. The NOVA1 experiment suggests that genetic differences may play a crucial role in the evolution of communication. Though this study was conducted on mice, it offers a glimpse into how genetic changes may have influenced the development of human speech.

Edotorial 2 : Express View on SC gag order on Ranveer Allahbadia: Such restrictions can empower arbitrary state action

Introduction

In a significant shift from its past stance on free speech, the Supreme Court has imposed a gag order on podcaster Ranveer Allahbadia and his associates, barring them from posting content on social media until further notice. This decision follows a controversy over his remarks on a YouTube show.

Key Points

• Past Precedent (2022): In granting bail to journalist Mohammed Zubair, the SC had rejected restrictions on his social media activity, warning against the “chilling effect” of gag orders.
• Current Ruling (2024): The Court, while protecting Allahbadia from arrest and clubbing FIRs against him, has imposed a prior restraint on his speech, a move seen as troubling for free expression.
• Concerns:
  • Chilling Effect: The decision contradicts the SC’s earlier ruling in Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015), which struck down vague restrictions on online speech.
  • Political Ramifications: Such an order could embolden political forces to suppress dissent and controversial opinions.
  • Empowering Arbitrary Action: If content creators must preemptively censor themselves to avoid legal trouble, it risks making free speech a privilege for the powerful rather than a fundamental right for all.

Conclusion

The Supreme Court’s decision to impose a prior restraint on Allahbadia marks a departure from its previous defense of free speech. By upholding a broad restriction, the ruling risks setting a precedent that could be misused to stifle dissent and creativity in digital spaces. The Court must carefully reconsider the long-term implications of such limitations on expression.

Edotorial 3 : Express View on new Delhi CM: Rekha Gupta has her task cut out

Introduction

Rekha Gupta, the fourth woman Chief Minister of Delhi, has assumed office with a strong mandate and the backing of the Centre. In her maiden speech, she promised to take Delhi to “new heights.” However, fulfilling this promise requires an inclusive approach that acknowledges Delhi’s diverse population and complex civic challenges.

Key Issues & Challenges

1. Inclusive Development:
   1. Delhi is home to a mix of middle-class residents, slum dwellers, and a large migrant population. Policies must reflect the needs of all these groups rather than cater to electoral binaries.
   2. The past focus on making Delhi a “world-class city” often came at the cost of displacing vulnerable communities, as seen during the 2010 Commonwealth Games.
2. Civic Infrastructure & Basic Services:
   1. Urgent improvements are needed in air quality, water supply, sewage management, and road maintenance.
   2. The administration must ensure better social security for the working-class population.
3. Building on AAP’s Governance Model:
   1. The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) introduced reforms in health and education, such as mohalla clinics and improved public schools. Gupta’s government must sustain and enhance these initiatives.
   2. AAP’s tenure was marred by corruption allegations, including the liquor scam, which impacted public trust. Gupta must prioritize transparency and accountability.
4. Centre-State Relations:
   1. Governance in Delhi has often suffered due to conflicts between the elected state government and the central government. With Gupta’s administration aligned with the Centre, smoother coordination is expected, but it remains to be seen how effectively this advantage is utilized.

Conclusion

Rekha Gupta’s government inherits a Delhi with both strengths and challenges. Effective governance will require balancing development with inclusivity, maintaining transparency, and ensuring essential services for all residents. The success of her tenure will depend on whether she can build upon the foundation laid by previous governments while avoiding their pitfalls.